Annotated Bibliography Essay Example for Free

Commented on Bibliography Essay In light of the columnist examination of online learning condition and diverse learning styles; it appears that electronic learning condition is an astounding mechanism for upgrading learning, because of its capacity to conform to singular understudy learning styles and inclinations. The article explores the effect of understudies learning style and their presentation. Online degrees have expanded since 2006. More students are turning out to be all the more mechanically astute, and it is those students that are innovatively incompetent, who depends on instructional plan from study hall settings and cooperation with educators and companions. The examination prompts the evaluation and learning style on understudy accomplishment in a Web based learning condition. On the off chance that it was simply a question of instructional learning it would be a solid match for all, be that as it may, all doesn't have innovation capacities. In the event that all students had these capacities, online learning styles would increment. Online instructional structure modules are not indisputable to certain learning styles. Thought ought to be given to the students attributes whether the student can get a handle on the material by means of the online guidance. Students ought to consider their learning style, persuasive level, capacity to cooperate with the educator and their companions. Be that as it may, without these capacities, students’ learning styles will be affected on the grounds that they do not have the capacities to learn by means of online guidance modules. Lai, I K. W. Lam, F.K.S. (2010). View of different execution rules by partners in the development division in Hong Kong. Exploration is directed to analyze various purposes of perspectives on the significance of execution results in a development venture in Hong Kong. ANOVA was utilized to investigate the information comparative with how the exhibitions were estimated. Exhibitions were estimated utilizing a presentation measures beginning with the most significant first, which is time. Opportune culmination of an undertaking would forestall loss of income and penalities to the contractual worker. Lai and Lam noticed that development ventures require brief arranging, a nd areâ divided between the advisor and the contractual worker. In any case, each gathering has a huge impact in the projects’ achievement. The contrast between the customer and the contractual worker; the customer for the most part push for ideal finishing and would offer a motivating force reward for opportune fulfillment, be that as it may, the temporary worker would lean toward a sensible span of time, along these lines to maintain a strategic distance from penalities to the temporary worker. The customer, specialist, and the contractual worker, all parterner together to make the venture a triumph by bringing work fulfillment, quality, security, condition, age of creative thoughts, execution measures, and adequacy to the undertaking. Maintaining a strategic distance from any disasters that will defer or shield the venture from running easily. Williams, A BTM7101-8 Activity 6, pg 2 The aftereffects of the exploration found that time was the most significant factor of the undertaking and ought to be contemplated from the get-go in the arranging procedure, and certain recompenses ought to be figured into the spending pl an, for example, time imperatives, deferrals, and accidents that could occur during the development of the venture. References Wang, K.H., Wang, J.H., Wang, W.L. Huang, S.C. (2006) Learning styles and developmental evaluation methodology: upgrading understudy accomplishment in Web-based learning Wang T., Wang K., Wang W., Huang S. Chen S. (2004) Web-based Assessment and Test Analyses (WATA) framework: advancement and assessment. Diary of Computer Assisted Learning 20, 59â€71 Passage N. Chen S. (2000) Individual contrasts, hypermedia route and learning: an observational examination. Diary of Educational Multimedia and Hypermedia 9, 281â€312. Seckel, S. (2007 Characteristics and Responsibilities of Successful e-Learners LAI, I. K. W. (2010). View of Various execution models by stateholders in the development division in Hong kong. Assaf, S.A. also, Al-Hejji, S. (2006) Causes of deferral in enormous development ventures. Worldwide Journal of Project Management, 24(4), 349-57. Naoum, S. (2003) An outline into the idea of parternering . Global Journal of Project Management 21(1), 71-6. PAH (2008) Project Administration Handbook for Civil Engineeering Works, 2008 Edition.

The Employees Protection Legislation to Ensure that Discrimination is Case Study

The Employees Protection Legislation to Ensure that Discrimination is Eliminated inside the Workplace - Case Study Example Such sort of a circumstance is made conceivable by the way that the approaches embraced for the counteraction of separation in many cases show incredible inconsistency between down to earth work and the hypothetical practice. When gone up against by such a circumstance, most workers pick to make on strides that may assist them with exploring around the issue yet the consequences of such circumstances might be deciphered as unfair. Regardless, an extraordinary number of bosses try to utilize the most reasonable possibility for the places that lay empty and for execution, businesses endeavor to offer the best condition for their representatives. Nature incorporates the physical just as the social situations in which the workers can perform to their most extreme best. With these contemplations to make, the business needs to make a cautious choice of the most appropriate people for their empty positions. The strategies that deny against segregation of individuals in the work environment apply to all focuses in the business including the promotion for an empty position, the genuine meeting of people, when the representative is recruited, during the activity of terminating, in the midst of dispensing benefits, during retirement and in the act of lay off among other points.â â Contextual analysis 1; rising issues The main case destinations a capability qualified person who had a gay sexual direction. The man had finished all the fundamental assessments and the meeting and the talking board for the neighborhood authority conceded that he was among the eight profoundly qualified people for the situation of a disciple circuit tester. Despite the fact that the board chose not to deny him the open door as a result of his sexual direction, they calculated that his workplace probably won't demonstrate favorable for execution. It was with this thought the board excused him for the activity. The privileges of business that respects the sexual direction of the workers or the representatives to be are installed in the Commission on correspondence and human rights. The commission targets lessening any type of victimization transsexual individuals at all degrees of work. Transsexual individuals incorporate gay and lesbian people inside the working environment. Truth be told, the guidelines are not just authorized by the commission at the national level yet in addition at the degree of the neighborhood specialists. This at that point recommends that the neighborhood expert wherein the man, for this situation, could be considered responsible at the nearby level for showing segregation towards the man. To have the effect significantly more noteworthy, the strategies overseeing sexual orientation correspondence additionally spread the transsexual people found inside the work environment or the individuals who are at the enrollment level. This, along these lines, recommends the h eap of naturally perceived zones that could be utilized against the neighborhood expert for this situation study.â

A Career As A Film Editor Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

A Career As A Film Editor - Essay Example The expertise of a supervisor is incredibly significant in the after creation process since film altering decides the quality and conveyance of the subsequent item. A film supervisor assumes an essentially crucial job in the general film creation process, in the film business. This can be both as a TV programs proofreader, or a film manager. Film altering for the most part includes the general collection of the recording to be seen on the screen. It can likewise be contrasted with fine art, for example, the molding of definite display figures structure the different crude materials as gave by the executives (Dickens, 2008). The procedure of movie altering necessitates that a proofreader ought to be in close connection with the chief in the film creation. This is on the grounds that the supervisor needs to comprehend the storyline of the movie similarly as the executive in light of the fact that the work is a blend of thoughts from the two gatherings in recounting to the narrative of the film. The supervisor for the most part guarantees of the event of progression which is the consistent unfurling of the story structure part to part. The activity of the supervisor authoritatively begins once the shooting of the film or film wraps up. This is on the grounds that the shooting of a film includes irregular scene shooting for the most part because of the comfort and other persuasive elements. In accordance with this, shots get disarranged and doesn't stream with the genuine story expected for the film, for example, having a scene of the start toward the end or potentially the other way around. It is, subsequently, dependent upon the supervisor to orchestrate them and connection them to stream persistently (Knight, 2007). This requires long working periods and tolerance in working under exacting cutoff times and weight. The supervisor plans the symbolism and synchronization of the different audio effects which may incorporate the soundtracks, voice covers as well as a udio cues. In the finish to the last introduction of the film’s creation, the supervisor additionally joins included special visualizations. William Hal Ashby is a movies supervisor situated in Hollywood movies Productions Company. He started his movies vocation during the 1960s in Utah, California. He got his enormous break by winning the foundation grants for films altering in his supervisor job, in the film, â€Å"in the warmth of the night† (Hal, 2006: p.9). Investigating his life from when he chose to wander into the vocation to what he has become in the film business will be an extensive commitment into the examination. Research Rationale The film business has experienced progressive changes with the coming of innovation (Dmytryk, 2004). Thus, there has been the improvement of a superior film creation and furthermore the arrangement of movies as a mind boggling universe of creation. What's more, more individuals have gotten inspired by film altering for the most part as a result of the acknowledgment that film editors get. The title of a film supervisor in the general creation and film making industry is attractive for a great many people. Thusly, intrigued people need to comprehend the job of a film proofreader well due to the difficulties, just as the chances. They ought to have the option to lead their proficiently and expertly. As a standard for the most part saw in numerous businesses, the promotion of a job underway as a rule prompts the dissolving of the estimation of the job and the finished result. Thusly, so as to guarantee that the trustworthiness and effectiveness of creation of movies by film editors isn't in danger, it is imperative to comprehend, complete and maintain the uprightness of the editor’s job in this quick advancing mechanical world (Murch, 2001). This is likewise related to the expanded take-up of studies for the job of movies editors by most understudies, just as expanded quantities of film

Marriot Corporation the Cost of Capital - Free Essay Example

Marriot Corporation : the Cost of Capital. In front of Dan Chores is the issue of recommending three hurdle rates for each of Marriott Corporations three divisions, which have significant effect on the firms financial and operating strategies as well as its incentive compensation. Marriott Corporation had three major lines of business: lodging, contract services and restaurants. Also Marriott had its growth objective, to remain a premier growth company. The four components of Marriotts financial strategy are consistent with its growth objective. Managing hotel assets multiplied the total worth of hotels than otherwise owned by it, thus increased EPS. Optimizing the use of debt in the capital structure, based on a coverage target instead of a target debt-to-equity ratio, also increased EPS by reducing the amount of equity at the maximum level. Repurchasing undervalued shares functioned similarly via replacing part of its shares by cheaper debt financing. Only investing in projects that would increase shareholder value required that projects meet the hurdle rates and be audited through their lives. Marriott used WACC to measure the opportunity cost, i. . the hurdle rate, for the corporation as a whole and for each division. In both circumstances, three inputs, debt capacity, debt cost and equity cost are needed. At the firm level, we get the debt capacity of 60% from Table A. The cost of debt is weighted average cost of its overall loan interest rate. Short-term debt for its restaurant and contract services divisions and long-term for its lodging division. Lodging accounted for 51% of its profits, therefore it can be estimated that lodging division used about 51% of its whole capital. Same with contract services of 33% and with restaurant division of 16%. Thus, the overall cost of debt =51%*74%/57. 66 %*( 8. 72%+1. 10%)+33%*40%/57. 66 %*( 6. 90%+1. 40%)+16%*42%/57. 66 %*( 6. 90%+1. 60%) =9. 34%. The cost of equity is the expected return of the equity. We co mpute that by using CAPM model. Expected return = Risk free rate + ? *(market return – risk free rate). The risk premium should be calculated by using holding-period returns, as 9. 90%-3. 48%= 6. 42%. Then we can compute the cost of equity is 3. 48%+0. 97*(6. 42%) =9. 71%. According to Exhibit1, 1987, we calculate the tax rate by dividing income tax over EBIT. $175. /$398. 9=44%. Then we can calculate the firm’s WACC = (1-44%)*(9. 34%)*60%+9. 71%*40%=7. 02%. Therefore, projects with expected return below 7. 02% should be rejected if we only recommend a single and solitary hurdle rate. If doing so, we would ignore the difference between business line and probably accept projects with too higher risk relative to its comparable or reject projects with appropriate risk in its business. For each division, the calculation of hurdle rates needs specific debt capacities, cost of debt and cost of equity consistent with the amount of debt. We get debt percentage, 74%, 40% and 42% in capital in Table A. The cost of debt for each division is the government interest rate plus rate premium: lodging: 8. 72%+1. 1%=9. 82%(long-term), contract Services: 6. 9%+1. 4% =8. 3%(short-term) and restaurant: 6. 9%+ 1. 8%=8. 7% (short-term). To estimate the cost of equity, we need to compute the beta of equity for each division using comparable companies. As the betas of debt were not provided, we made 2 assumptions: a. same business lines have the same beta of debt; b. Expected return of debt = Rf + ? *[E(Rm) – Rf*(1-T)] (Rf: risk free rate, E(Rm): expected return of equity market, T: tax rate). Here Rf is the interest rate of T-bill in 1987, E(Rm) is the geomantic average of S;P 500 return from 1926 to 1987, T is as same as the tax rate used by Marriott. ?b of lodging: -0. 077, ? b of restaurants and contract services: -0. 0246. We chose La Quinta Motor Inns (pure lodging business) to compute ? 0 of Marriott’s lodging division. We chose the average of Col lins Foods International, Luby’s Cafeterias, McDonald’s and Wendy’s International’s ? 0 as ? of Marriott’s restaurant division (these four corporations all operated pure restaurant business). The formula to compute the beta of equity is: ? s=? 0+1-TBS[? 0-? b]. After computed the beta of equity for lodging (l): 0. 126 and restaurants(r) divisions: 0. 747, we can use the whole corporation beta of equity, that is . 97, and the weight for three divisions to get the beta of equity for contract services (CS). ?s(CS)=[? s(Marriott)-? l s(l)-? r s(r)]/? cs. The weights for lodging, contract services and restaurants are the same as computing the cost of debt. The result is ? s (CS)=1. 924. To use CAPM to calculate the cost of equity for each division, the market premium should be decided. For lodging, the geometric average of the spread between S;P500 and T-bill rates is used because the compounding effect should be considered when the time interval is large. For restaurant ; contract services, because only 1-yr returns of equity and debt are considered, arithmetic average of the spread between S;P500 and T-bill rates is used to avoid underestimated bias. Below are the WACC for the three divisions. The costs of debt are from previous discussion. | lodging| Restaurant| Contract| | Market Premium for equity| 6. 42%| 8. 47%| 8. 47%| | Cost of equity| 8. 354%| 14. 44%| 20. 92%| | Cost of Debt| 9. 82%| 8. 70%| 8. 30%| | Cost of capital| 6. 241%| 10. 423%| 14. 410%| | The costs of capital are lower than 24% in all of divisions, indicated the growth of Marriott can fulfill all the required return from both creditors and stockholders. Though there could be the bias we added in when calculated the beta of debt and equity.

The Analytical And Intuitive Thinking - 927 Words

Introduction There are several different types of thinking. There is analytical, intuitive, creative, logic and rhetoric, all which are different tools in our own minds thinking tool box. They are not opposites, but used in different situations or a combination is used together to reach the best solution to a problem or situation. In this blog the focus will be on the analytical and intuitive thinking, but the others will also be of use. Analytical and initiative thinking are not best used separately but are a dynamic duo when it comes to thinking. I have selected a data set that pertains to math scores in the New York City School Districts, in particular grades third through eighth and how the genders match up against one another. Analytical thinking is focused on data and facts to help us reason through information, thus we will be looking at the trends at each level over the course of six years, 2006-2011, but intuition and logic will help us connect the missing pieces as to what the data is s tating and why that is the case. Math Performance and Gender Below you will see a snapshot of the data and a link to the interactive report to see the percentage of students from grades third to eighth that fall in each of the levels of proficiency in their particular math level. All Levels of NYC Math Scores for Grades 3-8 by Gender (2006-2011) After some research to figure out what each of these levels represented, are as follows: Level 1 below standard, Level 2 meets basicShow MoreRelatedAn Analysis On Intuition : Cognitive Bias Or A Fast Problem Solving Cognition1249 Words   |  5 Pagesof the brain, which present it as an automatic, reliable problem-solving system. Intuition and Biases In his book, Thinking Fast and Slow, Dr, Daniel Kahneman presents research within the 2 systems in the brain -system 1, a quick, effortless mental process that allows for automatic thought, and system 2, an analytical, effortful mental activity, that allows for more complex thinking, like mathematical problem-solving (Kahneman, pg. 20-21)- that are involved in all cognitive processes. System 1 isRead MoreManagers Developing Analytical Skills1022 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Analytical is the use of analysis to solve problems. Analysis is the breaking down of problems into smaller problems that can be solved separately. It usually uses a process that directs it towards achieving a certain goal. Analytical skill is therefore defined as the ability of visualizing, articulating and solving issues that are either complicated or not and making sensual decision that is based on the information available. When gathering and analyzing information, analytical skills areRead MoreAn Analytical And Personal Review Of Jung Typology Test1405 Words   |  6 PagesThis is an analytical and personal review of Jung Typology Test. I defined and analyzed the four letter typology and two letter temperament resulted from test with a personal reflection on the results. I compared the personal reflection and how it applied to and affected organizational behavior and worldview. â€Æ' Step 1 Test Results I was tasked with an assignment to complete a personality test and discuss the results. The test was a Jung Typology Test conducted by Humanmetics website. The Jung TypologyRead MoreCreativity Is Important For Our Future1227 Words   |  5 Pagesto the science and math courses taught at colleges (Calhoun). Nevertheless, creativity is seen as a vital resource for the young adults of America because this type of intuitive thinking is seen as a necessity for future innovation. Therefore, in order to stay a global power, people are realizing that creativity, the art of thinking outside the box, should be taught in college education. However, after the conclusion that creativity is important, views take different routes. A major source of differingRead MoreThe Effect Of Hammonds Cognitive Continuum Theory On The Health Care System1068 Words   |  5 Pagesthat different types of tasks require different thought processes. By matching the right thought process to the right task we would improve decision making (Standing, 2008). For example the more complex a task is the more likely a person is to use intuitive reasoning. Rational thought is more likely to be used for task that are more familiar or have observable outcomes (Thompson et. al., 2015). In his theroy Hammond suggested that quasi-rationality is the most common form of understanding (StandingRead MoreDecision Making820 Words   |  4 Pagesapproach decision making is toward rational and intuitive thinking. In rational thinking a person consider the problem in a rational, step-by-step and analytical way. Rational thinking person will resolve a complex and complicated problem into smaller part and then resolve them in a rational, logical and integrated method. Another way of decision making style which is intuitive thinking is more flexible, spontaneous and creative. Intuitive thinking person will respond to a problem quickly and goneRead MoreJohn L Holland Developed A Test921 Words   |  4 Pagesthink this will be a good fit based on this test. I can see evidence of my conventionality being fiscally conservative. Some careers that may be a good match are a teacher, program director, or social worker. These careers are exactly what I was thinking, but they would be a more practical application for someone with a high artistic trait. The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Designed in the 1940s by American author Isabel Briggs Myers and her mother Katharine Cook Briggs, this objective test attemptsRead MoreLeft Brain vs Right Brain950 Words   |  4 PagesRoger W Sperry. The correct term for the halves would be hemispheres. Mr. Sperry had discovered that the human brain has two different ways of thinking. The right hemisphere being more visual and the left hemisphere being more verbal. The left hemisphere is known as the digital brain. The left side controls reading and writing, calculation and logical thinking. The right side is known as the analog brain this side controls three-dimensional sense, creativity and artistic senses. Mr. Sperry was awardedRead More Design Thinking Essay examples1197 Words   |  5 PagesDesign thinking is a process for practical, creative resolution of problems or issues that looks for an improved future result. It is the essential ability to combine empathy, creativity and rationality to meet user needs and drive busine ss success. Unlike analytical thinking, design thinking is a creative process based around the building up of ideas. There are no judgments early on the design thinking (Simon, 1969, p. 55). Design thinking includes imagination and reason, a combination of convergentRead MoreDecision Making : The Top Job Of A Responsible Manager1253 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"gut-feel† or â€Å"gut-feeling†. Personal touch and emotions are involved, it comes up with analytical thinking that correlate with each other. Some decisions that involve emotions are usually exposed to a bit of intuition, will often have a primary aspect in personal relationships. But, if the intuition applied, is not achieving the possible result expected, disappointments comes, emotions can change. A result intuitive decision making has to develop into definite and rational kind of decision. Manager

The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger - 1515 Words

In the novel, The Catcher in the Rye, written by J.D. Salinger, Holden Caulfield is a very complex and interesting person to take into consideration and psychoanalyze. His various traits make him a different person from the rest of the phonies in the world. Holden says, â€Å"All you do is make a lot of dough and play golf and play bridge and buy cars and drink Martinis and look like a hot-shot. How would you know you werent being a phony? The trouble is, you wouldnt.† What Holden doesn’t realize is that he is a phony as well. This is ironic because he says you don’t know if you are a phony, but he is. Salinger’s life is reflected in the book, there are many similarities to his life and Holden’s. Holden is a perfect example of Freud’s†¦show more content†¦Honest to God, we could have a terrific time† (Salinger 137). This is his dream for himself and Sally. He wants to run away with Sally but she is more reasonable person. Sh e tells him they can’t just do that. He gets mad and they start arguing. Him imagining the vision is a way to escape the real world. â€Å"However, according to Freud, when the desired object†¦ isn’t available, the ID [unconscious urges and desires], is able to achieve some partial gratification by forming a mental image of the desired object† (Nevid 470). According to Freud, by imagining himself and Sally he feels a little better and has a brief good moment. This comes crumbling down when Sally doesn’t agree. They automatically start arguing with each other. Another instance of him imagining things is his hunting hat. â€Å"I sort of closed one eye, like I was taking aim at it. ‘This is a people shooting hat,’ I said. ‘I shoot people in this hat† (Salinger 22). He imagines shooting people. He gets mad when Ackley says it is a dear shooting hat. He says he doesn’t like phonies, so most likely the people he shoots are the people he doesn’t like. The hat can represent his inner child since children usually play pretend guns. Like Freud said this is what Holden does to get some gratification by using his imagination. Holden also says that he wants to be the catcher in the rye. This would be his true dream to help children. His fantasy worlds are a way to balance his emotions as he goes from the realShow MoreRelatedThe Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger637 Words   |  3 PagesThe Catcher in the Rye, by J.D Salinger, consists of many minor characters. There are more than about sixty characters in the novel in which only three of them are major characters (Holden, Allie, and Phoebe) and the rest minor. Many of these characters are just mentioned with no lasting impact on either the novel itself or Holden. Salinger uses minor characters in the Catcher in the Rye to tell the readers about Holden and his views about the world. The first minor character seen in the CatcherRead MoreThe Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger654 Words   |  3 Pagesfirst questions that came to my mind when I received the first assignment notice that we would be reading The Catcher in the Rye for English class. The title is most likely the single most important word choice that the author must make. J.D. Salinger uses the title in the book to allude to more than just when Holden sees the young child singing. J.D. Salingers title, The Catcher in the Rye, alludes to the conflict Holden faces of sexuality when growing up. The first reference made to the titleRead MoreThe Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger944 Words   |  4 PagesMany people have different aspects and impressions on a teenager’s life. Some say society is the problem for their misbehaviours while others say it is the child who is responsible. Catcher in the Rye by J.D Salinger tells a story of a teenage boy named Holden Caulfield who gets kicked out from school to school. He never pushed himself in academics or anything and ended up failing, at most, everything. He re-tells what happened to him in New York after he got kicked out of Pencey Prep and secretlyRead MoreThe Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger1005 Words   |  5 PagesHolden Caulfield, the protagonist of J.D. Salinger’s classic coming of age tale The Catcher in the Rye, entices readers through his hyper-critical scrutinization of the post-war consumer world. The novel itself is acclaimed to be quite autobiographical; the similarities between Salinger and H olden are numerous. Holden is an avid critic of materialistic American ideals, and he aims to preserve innocence in others, and to save himself from falling into the land of adulthood. After failing out ofRead MoreThe Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger862 Words   |  3 PagesThe Catcher in the Rye a novel written by J.D. Salinger, the book starts off with Holden Caulfield, main protagonist, talks about his experience alone the weekend before he went home after getting kicked out of Pencey Prep.Holden seems to be embracing the growing up mentality yet he is frighten of adulthood he is trying to keep his innocence. Holden’s attitude toward life in general is perplexed. He pretends to be an adult by drinking heavily, yet he complains like a child. Holdens thoughts arentRead MoreThe Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger798 Words   |  3 PagesCatcher in the Rye Essay Anyone who has lost a beloved relative to cancer or other illnesses can understand how difficult it is to return to a normal living routine and move on with their lives without the relative. In J.D. Salinger’s novel, Holden Caulfield has to deal with the loss of his younger brother to leukemia. A few years after his younger brother, Allie, passed away, Holden finds himself being kicked out of yet another boarding school, this one being Pencey Prep in Pennsylvania. HoldenRead MoreThe Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger1104 Words   |  4 Pages J.D. Salinger has written multiple novels, but his most famous is The Catcher in the Rye. Not only is this novel famous for its literary merit, it is also known as his most banned novel in certain schools. Even though this novel has been banned, J.D. Salinger’s themes and moralistic purposes serve literary worth. In The Catcher in the Rye, the reader is first introduced to Holden Caulfield, as first person narrator. He is a radically independent adolescent who tosses off judgments at ease unselfconsciouslyRead MoreThe Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger983 Words   |  4 PagesCatcher in the Rye Essay Throughout Catcher in the Rye there are a lot of small parts of the story where it would be linked to the book and to the text all together. J.D. Salinger created a lot of important passages that would be associated with what type of message that he was trying to convey to the audience. Salinger would develop certain characters like Phoebe through her description and actions to have a influence on Holden, thus causing him to change as a character and reveal sides of himRead MoreThe Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger507 Words   |  2 PagesJ.D Salinger is a very known american writer whose literature became very popular. His books revolved around many ideas such as his view on children. Children in many of his books have an innocence that Salinger grasps onto and makes adults corrupt. Also, he shows how children are teachers to adults but can still be foolish. Purity in children are expressed throughout many stories by Salinger. In Catcher In the Rye, Holden repeatedly expressed â€Å"Did you ask her if she still keeps all her kings inRead MoreThe Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger667 Words   |  3 PagesIn a J.D Salinger novel, The Catcher in the rye interprets the adolescent world full of patience and misery. Holden Caulfield, hardly being the complete opposite of a typical protagonist. Instead, being the archetype of an anti-hero facing adolescent over anxiety. He is a teenager forced to grow up in a time of turmoil with severe emotional handicaps placed upon him by family, friends and life in general. Caulfield sets himself on such a journey and is portrayed as an individual on a quest for validation

Brief Describe the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill caused by BP Company

Question: Describe the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill caused by BP Company and how actions were taken against this company by the US Government ? Answer: Abstract This study covers a number of theories that are basically applicable in accounting. Some of the theories discussed include; Positive Political Theory, Public Interest Theory and the Legitimate Theory. These theories are discovered in the context of a case study of BP Company. BP Company is a global Company that falls among the worlds integrated gas and oil companies. A case study is the reputations (financial) of the response of BP to the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill. Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill is also known as the BP Oil Spill or Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill happens to be the largest marine oil spill in the history of the United States. BP Company happened to be the initiators of a project known as Macondo Prospect oil field, where an oil spill occurred accidentally. Transocean Ltd, contracted BP Company to drill an exploratory well, in the process an explosion causing the oil spill occurred. The US Government tagged BP Company Responsible for the oil spillage. BP accepted the responsibility to ensure cleanup costs while blaming the disaster on Halliburton and Transocean Companies. However, all the charges in relation to the spillage were treated as non-operating items and thus, deduced from BPs taxable Company. This raised a number of issues regarding the p ositive, public and legitimate theories. The study compares the incident and how it was handled to the standards and requirements of the new accounting standards. The study weighs between the negativity and positivity of the action that was taken against this company. A summary is then made on the new accounting standards with a prcised conclusion. Introduction The main focus of the study is the aspect of The theories help in creating a good rapport between the two parties either the government and its citizens or the society and the organizations. Some of these theories are; 1. Positive Political Theory This theory is famously known as the explanatory political theory. This theory entails political study using the formal methods which include; the game theory, statistical analysis, and social choice theory. Positive Political Theory can also be summed up as formal aggregation preference theory for joint choices. It was established by William H. Riker. The social choice theoretic strategies are used for description and analysis of the performance of rules or institutions. The analyzed rules or institutions undergo further analysis under the game theory. Here, the parties involved in an interaction are termed as rational agents who are actually in a game and these parties are guided by self-interest. The outcome can, therefore, be predicted as the equilibrium of the game, easily by basing on the critiques and assumptions. 2. Public Interest Theory The Public Interest Theory is an economic theory that is famously known as the public choice. The Public Interest Theory was established by Arthur Cecil Pigou. This actually, involves using economic tools to handle the previous problems of political science. This theory holds that the regulators will always tend to find markets that are efficient economically. Public Interest Theory holds that regulation is available to respond to the demand for public rectification or imbalanced or inefficient market practices. The body that does this (regulatory body) is concerned to make a fair representation of societys interest. The Public Interest Theory assumes that markets tend to be fragile and it is assumed to operate with less efficiency. The government is assumed to be a neutral party by this theory. 3. Legitimate Theory Legitimacy is a generalized concept that actions of an organization are appropriate within some norms or rules that have been set. Legitimacy theory actually helps in expounding on the behavior of institutions in developing and implementing objectives that enable their survival in their environment (Walker 1993). The society will always tend to view the organization in accordance with what they expect from such organizations. The organizations activities, therefore, should respect the social and moral values of the society. These theories actually help in guiding the existence of businesses and organizations within societies as they give the codes of conduct each party should possess. For instance, in the case study BP Company need to be in good rapport with the society in order to continue offering their services effectively. The Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill It is considered as the largest marine oil spill to happen in the United States. The oil spill occurred in the Gulf of Mexico on April 20, 2010. This led to a lot of debate among different stakeholders. The exact location of the spillage was at Deepwater Horizon that was owned by Transocean and British Petroleum (BP) had been contracted to drill an exploratory well (Liu, MacFadyen Weisberg 2013). At the time of the explosion, the two companies had had agreed to close the well with the intention of carry out productions later, and Halliburton had been contracted to make cemented casings in the well. Based on the public interest theory, the US decided to hold BP responsible for the spillage. Even though BP accepted to take up the responsibilities and had to issue cleanup costs, it recently stated that the other two companies that were involved in the production that is, Transocean and Halliburton were also to be accountable for the oil spill. In this case, BP acted based on the legiti mate theory to protect its reputation. Financial Implications With BP agreeing to take up the responsibility of the oil spill, it had to incur some costs which had a great impact on its finances. Some of the financial implications include; BP had to pay a pre-tax of US$40.9 billion that was related to the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, the pre-tax included the cleanup costs of US$17.7 billion. All the charges were considered as non-operating items and thus were calculated based on the taxable income. BP also agreed to open a US$ escrow account that was to be established in a period of 3.5 years through the sale of assets in the United States. The escrow account was a way of responding to the claims raised by various stakeholders. In addition, BP gave out US$500 to be used to spearhead a 10-year project on the impact of the oil spill. Despite the above financial implications, there were no fines or penalties that imposed on BP. The case study demonstrates the lack of necessary regulations to control the oil and gas activities and as such the politicians failed in regulating the operations of BP hence, failing to protect the interests of the public. The existing Clean Water Act formulated by the politician outlines that in such a case, an organization is supposed to be fined up to US$4,300 per barrel of the oil spilled (Rubin 2012). However, in the quest of protecting its reputation, BP argued that it was difficult to estimate the amount of spillage. Challenge of assessing ecological and socio-economic damages The damages resulting from the Deepwater Horizon oil spill are difficult to quantify in terms of space and time. Additionally, it is difficult for the government to determine in measurable terms the ecological losses that resulted from the oil spill as due to a lot of disagreements from different stakeholders. However, some agencies have resorted tpo using the resource replacement costs approach to estimate the damages. And since, the measurement of ecosystem services is yet to reach maturity, the scale of the penalties that an organization such as BP can receive are determined politically rather than through scientific or technical calculation. And as a result of such a loophole, BP is yet to release the details of the damages caused by the oil spill to the ecosystem. In addition, the methods that were used to calculate the pre-tax of US$40.9 are not disclosed. With BP failing to disclose such vital information, it becomes hard to determine the impact of the oil spill on the ecosyst em. Regulation for Oil and Gas Activities Deepwater Horizon oil spill led to a variety of ecological damages and hence the need to formulate strict regulations that govern the oil and gas activities. The regulations need to focus more specifically on environmental, health and safety protection controls. Additionally, there is the need to emphasize on the environmental accounting and reporting mechanisms so as to regulate the corporate environmental performance. With such strict regulations, the use of disclosure mechanism by BP to protect its reputation after the Deepwater Horizon could not be tolerated instead heavy penalties and fines could have been applied. In general, the arguments raised in the publication concerns the lack of strict regulations that governs oil exploration. Thus, the government should formulate the necessary policies that are aimed at protecting the public. Also, BP took advantage of the institutional loophole to protect its reputation and in so doing it was able to evade penalties involved. Based on these arguments I tend to agree that there is the need for formulation of policies to govern the oil and gas activities so that in the event that incidents such as the Deepwater Horizon oil spill occurring, the organization (s) involved will have to shoulder the total environmental, health, and safety damages caused. Conclusion In conclusion, there are a lot of theories that outlines how various organizations operate in an environment (Walker 1993). An example is a positive theory which describes the outlined policies for testing the institutional performance. Applying this theory to the case study, it is clear that there are loopholes in the Clean Water Act as there are no methods of measuring the damages caused to the ecosystem by the oil spill hence, no fines or penalties applicable. Another theory is the legitimate theory that BP has used to cover its legitimacy with regard to the oil spill. This includes outlining the pre-tax charged from its income tax but has not revealed how it was calculated. Lastly, it is the public interest theory that outlines the importance of the government in protecting the public through the formulation of policies. From the case study, there is a need to formulate strict policies governing oil and gas activities so that the corporate environmental performance is regulated. New Accounting Standards Accounting standards are used to in governing the preparation of financial reports. They can also be referred to as the legal requirement or procedure that sets out the accounting required for a given transaction (Scott 2014). In general, they are referred to as the acceptable principles of accounting (GAAP). The principles provide guidelines on how the various transactions and events should be measured and be presented in a financial statement. Some of these new standards issued in 2016 include; 1. Update 2016-12 This is based on revenue from contracts with customers. It is geared towards narrowing scope improvements the practical expedients. 2. Update 2016-11 This basically includes the following features; revenue recognition, derivatives, and hedging. It provides guidelines on the rescission SEC due to the updates are done on2014-09 and 2014-16 standards. It is pursuant to the announcement of staffs that was done at EITF Meeting on SEC update. 3. Update 2016-09 This mainly focuses on Compensation. In general, the standard emphasizes on stock compensation. It aims at improving the employee share-based payments. 4. Update 2016-08 This update is done on revenue that is obtained from having contracts with customers. It involves the comparison of the principal and agent considerations in making these amendments. Comparison, in this case, is between the gross revenue and the net revenue. 5. Update 2016-07 The topic of this accounting standard is on investment. This standard is based on the equity methods and joint ventures. Generally, it aims at improving and simplifying equity method transition. 6. Update 2016-06 This standard is also based on derivatives and hedging. It describes the various options of the debt instruments. References Liu, Y., MacFadyen, A., Ji, Z.G. and Weisberg, R.H. eds., 2013. Monitoring and Modeling the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill: A Record Breaking Enterprise (Vol. 195). John Wiley Sons. Rubin, C.B. ed., 2012. Emergency Management: The American Experience 1900-2010. CRC Press. Scott, W.R., 2014. Financial accounting theory. Pearson Education Canada. Walker, R.B., 1993. Inside/outside: international relations as political theory (p. 2). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Wenger, E. and Lave, J., 1991. Situated Learning: Legitimate Peripheral Participation (Learning in Doing: Social, Cognitive and Computational Perspectives) by. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.